![]() ![]() Philippine folklore texts are being analysed to define motifs connected to the image of a lonely hero in the folklore of the Tinguian (Itneg), Kalinga, Yattuka (Kallahan), Ifugao and other highlanders of the Northern Philippines, and compares them to corresponding themes in Philippine non-Cordilleran mythologies and beyond. The paper analyses the symbolism of betel chewing as compared to other chewing practices worldwide. Betel chewing as a cultural practice is of great importance in the depiction of key mythological figures, lonely heroes in particular. We find those personages in different genres: ritual myths, epics, charms, curses and tales. The ‘lonely/low hero’ is a personage depicted initially as a pitiful, isolated, friendless, sad orphan or foundling, but who appears to prove himself to be a powerful representative of a high-ranking family as the story unwinds. ![]()
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